The Kazan Governorate (russian: Каза́нская губе́рния; tt-Cyrl, Казан губернасы; cv, Хусан кӗперниӗ; mhr, Озаҥ губерний), or the Government of Kazan, was a governorate (a ''guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR from 1708–1920, with its seat in the city of Kazan.

History

Kazan Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on , 1708, by Tsar Peter the Great's ukase, edictУказ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов
on the lands of the Khanates of Khanate of Kazan, Kazan, Khanate of Sibir, Sibir, and Astrakhan Khanate, Astrakhan, with addition of some lands from the Nogai Horde. These were the areas historically governed by the Kazan Palace's Prikaz. As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Kazan Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities. In 1717, Astrakhan Governorate was separated from Kazan Governorate; in 1719—Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, Nizhny Novgorod; in 1744—Orenburg Governorate, Orenburg; in 1781—Vyatka Governorate, Vyatka, Simbirsk Governorate, Simbirsk, and Ufa Governorates were separated. Under Catherine the Great (1781–1796) Kazan was the center of a namestnik, namestnichestvo (viceroyalty), with Kazan, Penza Governorate, Penza, and Saratov Governorate, Saratov Governorates as its integral parts. At first the governorate was divided into lots (, ''doli''), then into provinces (, ''provintsii'') in 1719, and into uyezds () in 1775. Prior to 1796, there were Kazan, Kozmodemyansk, Mari El Republic, Kozmodemyansk, Laishev, Mamadysh, Sviyazhsk, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, and Yadrin uyezds. In 1913, the area of the governorate comprised 55,900 square versts, its population was estimated at 2.85 million (38.9% Russians, 31.2% Tatars, 22.8% Chuvash people, Chuvash, 5.1% Mari people, Mari, 1.2% Mordva). There were 7,272 settlements, including 13 towns: Kazan, Arsk, Sviyazhsk, Kozmodemyansk, Laishevo, Laishev, Mamadysh, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, Yadrin; and two posads: Mariinsky Posad and Troitsky Posad. The governorate was finally abolished during the Bolshevik administrative reform (see Idel-Ural State). Thereupon its Eastern part was proclaimed the Tatar ASSR, while the Western part was eventually divided between Chuvashia and Mari El.

Main events in the governorate

*1774 Pugachev rebellion *1861 Bezdna unrest *1880s Wäisi movement

Administrative division

Kazan Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses): * Kazansky Uyezd (Kazan) * Kozmodemyansky Uyezd (Kozmodemyansk, Mari El Republic, Kozmodemyansk) * Laishevsky Uyezd (Laishevo) * Mamadyshsky Uyezd (Mamadysh) * Sviyazhsky Uyezd (Sviyazhsk) * Spassky Uyezd (Kazan Governorate), Spassky Uyezd (Bolgar, Spassky District, Republic of Tatarstan, Spassk) * Tetyushsky Uyezd (Tetyushi, Republic of Tatarstan, Tetyushi) * Tsaryovokokshaysky Uyezd (Yoshkar-Ola, Tsaryovokokshaysk) * Tsivilsky Uyezd (Tsivilsk) * Cheboksarsky Uyezd (Cheboksary) * Chistopolsky Uyezd (Chistopol) * Yadrinsky Uyezd (Yadrin)

References

External links

Results of 1897 all-imperial census for Kazan Governorate

History

Main events in the governorate

Administrative division

References

External links

Further reading